abstract：:This paper investigates the effect of contact geometry, temperature and displacement amplitude on the fretting behaviour of an aero-turbo oil lubricated cylinder-on-flat contact. To be effective, the lubricant needed both to penetrate the contact and then offer protection. Lubricant penetration into the fretting conta...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Warmuth AR,Sun W,Shipway PH

更新日期：2016-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:When mothers continue to support their offspring beyond infancy, they can influence the fitness of those offspring, the strength of social relationships within their groups, and the life-history traits of their species. Using up to 30 years of demographic data from 58 groups of gorillas in two study sites, this study ...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Robbins AM,Gray M,Breuer T,Manguette M,Stokes EJ,Uwingeli P,Mburanumwe I,Kagoda E,Robbins MM

更新日期：2016-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The Internet not only has changed the dynamics of our collective attention but also through the transactional log of online activities, provides us with the opportunity to study attention dynamics at scale. In this paper, we particularly study attention to aircraft incidents and accidents using Wikipedia transactional...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： García-Gavilanes R,Tsvetkova M,Yasseri T

更新日期：2016-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Pro-environment policies require public support and engagement, but in countries such as the USA, public support for pro-environment policies remains low. Increasing public scientific literacy is unlikely to solve this, because increased scientific literacy does not guarantee increased acceptance of critical environme...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Drummond A,Palmer MA,Sauer JD

更新日期：2016-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Our sense of depth perception is mediated by spatial filters at different scales in the visual brain; low spatial frequency channels provide the basis for coarse stereopsis, whereas high spatial frequency channels provide for fine stereopsis. It is well established that monocular blurring of vision results in decrease...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Li RW,So K,Wu TH,Craven AP,Tran TT,Gustafson KM,Levi DM

更新日期：2016-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Stochastic fluctuations in reaction-diffusion processes often have substantial effect on spatial and temporal dynamics of signal transductions in complex biological systems. One popular approach for simulating these processes is to divide the system into small spatial compartments assuming that molecules react only wi...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Lo WC,Zheng L,Nie Q

更新日期：2016-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Many cryptic species have been discovered in various taxonomic groups based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and mating experiments. Some sympatric cryptic species share equivalent resources, which contradicts the competitive exclusion principle. Two major theories have been proposed to explain the apparent lack of ...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Kurushima H,Yoshimura J,Kim JK,Kim JK,Nishimoto Y,Sayama K,Kato M,Watanabe K,Hasegawa E,Roff DA,Shimizu A

更新日期：2016-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The question of how we attribute observed body parts as our own, and the consequences of this attribution on our sensory-motor processes, is fundamental to understand how our brain distinguishes between self and other. Previous studies have identified interactions between the illusion of ownership, and multi-sensory i...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Aymerich-Franch L,Petit D,Kheddar A,Ganesh G

更新日期：2016-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The Coral Triangle is widely considered the most important centre of marine biodiversity in Asia while areas on its periphery such as the South China Sea, have received much less interest. Here, we demonstrate that a small population of the knobbly sea star Protoreaster nodosus in Singapore has similarly high levels o...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Tay YC,Chng MW,Sew WW,Rheindt FE,Tun KP,Meier R

更新日期：2016-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The transition to agriculture is one of the most significant events in human prehistory; yet, explaining why people initially domesticated plants and animals remains a contentious research problem in archaeology. Two competing hypotheses dominate current debates. The first draws on niche construction theory to emphasi...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Weitzel EM,Codding BF

更新日期：2016-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans regularly cooperate with non-kin, which has been theorized to require reciprocity between repeatedly interacting and trusting individuals. However, the role of repeated interactions has not previously been demonstrated in explaining real-world patterns of hunter-gatherer cooperation. Here we explore cooperation...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Smith D,Dyble M,Thompson J,Major K,Page AE,Chaudhary N,Salali GD,Vinicius L,Migliano AB,Mace R

更新日期：2016-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals are predicted to selectively observe and learn from the conspecifics with whom they share social connections. Yet, hardly anything is known about the role of different connections in observation and learning. To address the relationships between social connections, observation and learning, we investigated tra...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Kulahci IG,Rubenstein DI,Bugnyar T,Hoppitt W,Mikus N,Schwab C

更新日期：2016-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Herbaria archive a record of changes of worldwide plant biodiversity harbouring millions of specimens that contain DNA suitable for genome sequencing. To profit from this resource, it is fundamental to understand in detail the process of DNA degradation in herbarium specimens. We investigated patterns of DNA fragmenta...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Weiß CL,Schuenemann VJ,Devos J,Shirsekar G,Reiter E,Gould BA,Stinchcombe JR,Krause J,Burbano HA

更新日期：2016-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on domestication are blooming, but the developmental bases for the generation of domestication traits and breed diversity remain largely unexplored. Some phenotypic patterns of human neurocristopathies are suggestive of those reported for domesticated mammals and disrupting neural crest developmental programme...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Sánchez-Villagra MR,Geiger M,Schneider RA

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Difluoromethanesulfonyl hypervalent iodonium ylides 2 were developed as electrophilic difluoromethylthiolation reagents for a wide range of nucleophiles. Enamines, indoles, β-keto esters, silyl enol ethers and pyrroles were effectively reacted with 2 affording desired difluoromethylthio (SCF2H)-substituted compounds i...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Arimori S,Matsubara O,Takada M,Shiro M,Shibata N

更新日期：2016-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article, we construct a generalization of the Blum-François Beta-splitting model for evolutionary trees, which was itself inspired by Aldous' Beta-splitting model on cladograms. The novelty of our approach allows for asymmetric shares of diversification rates (or diversification 'potential') between two sister...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Sainudiin R,Véber A

更新日期：2016-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexual signals often compromise camouflage because of their conspicuousness. Pigmentation patterns, on the contrary, aid in camouflage. It was hypothesized that a particular type of pattern-barred plumage in birds, whereby pigmented bars extend across feathers-could simultaneously signal individual quality, because di...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Marques CI,Batalha HR,Cardoso GC

更新日期：2016-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent decades, the world has experienced rates of urban growth unparalleled in any other period of history and this growth is shaping the environment in which an increasing proportion of us live. In this paper, we use a longitudinal dataset from Foursquare, a location-based social network, to analyse urban growth ...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Daggitt ML,Noulas A,Shaw B,Mascolo C

更新日期：2016-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent works revealed that the energy required to control a complex network depends on the number of driving signals and the energy distribution follows an algebraic scaling law. If one implements control using a small number of drivers, e.g. as determined by the structural controllability theory, there is a high prob...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Chen YZ,Wang LZ,Wang WX,Lai YC

更新日期：2016-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Racing pigeons are exposed to and act as carriers of diseases. Dietary protein requirement for their maintenance has not been determined experimentally despite their being domesticated for over 7000 years. A maintenance nitrogen (protein) requirement (MNR) for pigeons was determined in a balance study using diets cont...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Mabuchi Y,Frankel TL

更新日期：2016-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Compared with other phylogenetic groups, self-fertilization (selfing) is exceedingly rare in vertebrates and is known to occur only in one small clade of fishes. Here we report observing one F1-hybrid individual that developed into a functional hermaphrodite after crossing two closely-related sexually reproducing spec...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Svensson O,Smith A,García-Alonso J,van Oosterhout C

更新日期：2016-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Like most ectothermic vertebrates, keelback snakes (Tropidonophis mairii) do not exhibit parental care. Thus, offspring must possess an immune system capable of dealing with challenges such as pathogens, without assistance from an attendant parent. We know very little about immune system characteristics of neonatal re...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Brown GP,Shine R

更新日期：2016-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Leafcutting bees (Megachile: Megachilidae) cut leaves from various trees, shrubs, wildflowers and grasses to partition and encase brood cells in hollow plant stems, decaying logs or in the ground. The identification of preferred plant species via morphological characters of the leaf fragments is challenging and direct...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： MacIvor JS

更新日期：2016-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Insect wing veins are biological composites of chitin and protein arranged in a complex lamellar configuration. Although these hierarchical structures are found in many 'venous wings' of insects, very little is known about their physical and mechanical characteristics. For the first time, we carried out a systematic c...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Rajabi H,Shafiei A,Darvizeh A,Dirks JH,Appel E,Gorb SN

更新日期：2016-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the evolutionary history of contemporary animal groups is essential for conservation and management of endangered species like caribou (Rangifer tarandus). In central Canada, the ranges of two caribou subspecies (barren-ground/woodland caribou) and two woodland caribou ecotypes (boreal/eastern migratory)...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Klütsch CF,Manseau M,Trim V,Polfus J,Wilson PJ

更新日期：2016-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we examined the kinematic function of the morpho- logically unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes. The first thoracic vertebra of the giraffe displayed similar shape to the seventh cervical vertebra in general ruminants. The flexion experiment using giraffe carcasses demonstrated that the first thoracic vert...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Gunji M,Endo H

更新日期：2016-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:How do animals in groups organize their work? Division of labour, i.e. the process by which individuals within a group choose which tasks to perform, has been extensively studied in social insects. Variability among individuals within a colony seems to underpin both the decision over which tasks to perform and the amo...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Doran C,Stumpe MC,Sendova-Franks A,Franks NR

更新日期：2016-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Real-world complex networks are composed of non-random quantitative interactions. Identifying communities of nodes that tend to interact more with each other than the network as a whole is a key research focus across multiple disciplines, yet many community detection algorithms only use information about the presence ...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Beckett SJ

更新日期：2016-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Butterfly eyespots are known to function in predator deflection and predator intimidation, but it is still unclear what factors cause eyespots to serve one function over the other. Both functions have been demonstrated in different species that varied in eyespot size, eyespot number and wing size, leaving the contribu...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Ho S,Schachat SR,Piel WH,Monteiro A

更新日期：2016-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:It is unclear whether intertidal organisms are 'preadapted' to cope with the increase of temperature and temperature variability or if they are currently at their thermal tolerance limits. To address the dichotomy, we focused on an important ecosystem engineer of the Arctic intertidal rocky shores, the seaweed Fucus d...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Smolina I,Kollias S,Jueterbock A,Coyer JA,Hoarau G

更新日期：2016-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:During the Middle and Late Jurassic, pliosaurid plesiosaurs evolved gigantic body size and a series of craniodental adaptations that have been linked to the occupation of an apex predator niche. Cretaceous pliosaurids (i.e. Brachaucheninae) depart from this morphology, being slightly smaller and lacking the macrophago...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Fischer V,Arkhangelsky MS,Stenshin IM,Uspensky GN,Zverkov NG,Benson RB

更新日期：2015-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic structure of a hybrid zone can provide insights into the relative roles of the various factors that maintain the zone. Here, we use a multilocus approach to characterize a hybrid zone between two subspecies of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus, Walbaum 1792) found along the Atlantic coast of North America. ...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： McKenzie JL,Dhillon RS,Schulte PM

更新日期：2015-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of geolocated information and communication technologies opens the possibility of exploring how people use space in cities, bringing an important new tool for urban scientists and planners, especially for regions where data are scarce or not available. Here we apply a functional network approach to determin...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Lenormand M,Picornell M,Cantú-Ros OG,Louail T,Herranz R,Barthelemy M,Frías-Martínez E,San Miguel M,Ramasco JJ

更新日期：2015-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Giraffidae are represented by many extinct species. The only two extant taxa possess diametrically contrasting cervical morphology, as the okapi is short-necked and the giraffe is exceptionally long-necked. Samotherium major, known from the Late Miocene of Samos in Greece and other Eurasian localities, is a key extinc...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Danowitz M,Domalski R,Solounias N

更新日期：2015-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbes living in stagnant water typically rely on chemical diffusion to draw nutrients from their environment. The sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thiovulum majus and the ciliate Uronemella have independently evolved the ability to form a 'veil', a centimetre-scale mucous sheet on which cells organize to produce a macros...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Petroff AP,Pasulka AL,Soplop N,Wu XL,Libchaber A

更新日期：2015-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Bears produce the most altricial neonates of any placental mammal. We hypothesized that the transition from colostrum to mature milk in bears reflects a temporal and biochemical adaptation for altricial development and immune protection. Comparison of bear milks with milks of other eutherians yielded distinctive prote...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Griffiths K,Hou R,Wang H,Zhang Z,Zhang L,Zhang T,Watson DG,Burchmore RJ,Loeffler IK,Kennedy MW

更新日期：2015-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have reported multiple cases of molecular adaptation in cetaceans related to their aquatic abilities. However, none of these has included the hippopotamus, precluding an understanding of whether molecular adaptations in cetaceans occurred before or after they split from their semi-aquatic sister taxa. H...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Tsagkogeorga G,McGowen MR,Davies KT,Jarman S,Polanowski A,Bertelsen MF,Rossiter SJ

更新日期：2015-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungus-gardening (attine) ants grow fungus for food in protected gardens, which contain beneficial, auxiliary microbes, but also microbes harmful to gardens. Among these potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the most consistently isolated are fungi in the genus Escovopsis, which are thought to co-evolve with ants and...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Meirelles LA,Solomon SE,Bacci M Jr,Wright AM,Mueller UG,Rodrigues A

更新日期：2015-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the pathways of introduction of the African baobab, Adansonia digitata, to the Indian subcontinent, we examined 10 microsatellite loci in individuals from Africa, India, the Mascarenes and Malaysia, and matched this with historical evidence of human interactions between source and destination regions. G...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Bell KL,Rangan H,Kull CA,Murphy DJ

更新日期：2015-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Group living animals may eavesdrop on signalling interactions between conspecifics and integrate it with their own past social experience in order to optimize the use of relevant information from others. However, little is known about this interplay between public (eavesdropped) and private social information. To inve...

journal_title：Royal Society open science

authors： Abril-de-Abreu R,Cruz AS,Oliveira RF

更新日期：2015-08-26 00:00:00